Chesterfield, a Derbyshire borough and is known as a market town in England. It is located just to the north of Derby where the rivers Rother and Hipper come together. The towns market charter was granted by King John in 1204 with 250 stalls still standing in the town center for the market held on Monday, Friday and Saturday. The 1204 charted also granted the town the status of a free borough. It gave the burgesses of Chesterfield equal privileges as Nottingham. In 1594 the town received, from Elizabeth I, its charter of incorporation. This gave the town a may, six alderman and brethren as well as twelve capital burgesses. Until 1835, when the borough was reformed with the Municipal Corporations Act, this is how the town was governed.
While Chesterfield was all the original borough was, in 1892 parts of surround townships were also included. Wittington and Newbold were absorbed into the borough in 1920. The current boundaries of Chesterfield were established in April of 1974 with the Local Government Act of 1972 was put into place. The amalgamation of the municipal borough with the district of Stavely and Chesterfield Rural District to the parish of Brimington formed the Borough of Chesterfield.
George Stephenson started the construction of the Chesterfield Line in 1837 as part of a railway that ran from Derby to Leeds. The railway was a significant benefit for the town. While the railway was being built, a massive amount of coal was found where the Clay Cross Tunnel was being dug. This coupled with the local ironstone was quickly capitalized on by Stephenson with his establishment of the Clay Cross company to trade them. While Stephenson lived in Chesterfield he resided in the Tapton House where he remained until 1848 when he died. His tomb is located at the Trinity Church and in 2006 a statue of home was placed outside the railway station in Chesterfield. There was a plan to build a Solar Pyramid, which was to be the largest landmark of it kind ever built in the UK. Constructed began in the Summer of 2007 but was stopped in the middle of 2008 due to lack of funds.
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