Northallerton, a civil parish and market town, is located in North Yorkshire's Hambleton district in England. It is on the north end of he Vale of York in the Vale of Mowbray. The area has been inhabited since Roman time but it did not have any significant growth until King William II gave land there to Bishop Durham as a gift in the 11th century. Northallerton became a well known religious center under the Bishop's management. It was also the place of conflict between the Scottish and the English. The biggest being in the 1138 at the nearby Battle of the Standard where over 12,000 men were killed from both sides.

Northallerton became an important area for transport and trade later on due to its locations on the main route that ran between Scotland and London. It was a major stopping point for the many coaches that took the route. In the 19th century, when the railway came to Northallerton, it saw an even bigger growth. The current market that is there today was first established with a Royal Charter in 1200. The town was picked because of its central location to the surrounding rural areas. It is still a vital retail center for the outlying areas. It is also the district of Hambleton's administrative center as well as the count of North Yorkshire's. The headquarters for the councils as well as other public sector organizations associated with it are located in Northallerton.

The town was settled at its earliest as a Roman military station. This can be seen in its closeness to a major Roman road as well as the entrenchments and relics that can be found there. Just to the west of town on Castle Hill there is evidence of a Roman signal station that was a part of the Roman postal system. Also there is evidence of a path leading from Hardrian's Wall to Eboracum that ran through the current village of Brompton, a Northallerton neighbor. It close proximity to the major roadway was not all beneficial. It also brought with it a great deal of death and destruction over the year. In 1060 the town was almost completely destroyed and depopulated when William the Conqueror attack it in his attempts to stop a rebellion in the north by destroying all of the area from Ouse to the Tyne.

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