Newark is located on the River Trent but the River Devon also runs through the town. The town was originally established around the Newark Castle, which has since gone to ruins which now has historic building along it. Newark is the home of one the River Trent few bridges that is on the Great North Road. The town had grown and developed due to this bridge for transport as well as railways that connect the East Coast Main Line with the connection of Nottingham to Lincoln and position on a part of the River Trent that is designed for navigation.

In 2005 just outside of town a silver and gold Iron Age torc called the Newark Torc was found. It was the first one to be discovered in Nottinghamshire and very much like the others in Snettisham. It was purchased by the Newark museum in 2008. The town of Newark actually dates back to the Roman age because if its close proximity to a major Roman road names Fosse Way that is located in the Valley Trent. There is documentation that states Newark had an Abbey charted there in 664 by Welfhere, The Abbey of Peterborough. In Newark's Millgate there is a cemetery for Anglo-Saxon pagans from the 5th through the 7th Centuries. The cemetery is located near Foss Way as well as River Trent and it contains cremated remains that are buried in an urn made of pottery.

During Edward the Confessors rule Newark was given to Godiva and Leofric, her husband who was the Earl of Mecia. They then granted Newark in 1055 to the monastery that was in Stow. The Monastery held on to riches even when the Norman Conquest took over and Norman Bishops Remigius de Fecamp's rule began. When he died Newark became the Bishops of Lincoln's control. He remained in control from 1092 up to when the rule of Edward VI began. According to the Domesday survey Newark had burgesses and while Edward III ruled there is documentation that it had been a burough due to prescription. During the Anglo-Saxon rule there was a wapentake that was established to the east of Nottinghamshire.

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